Mindi in Javanese language called ‘Geringging’ with Latin name Melia azedarach L. is an easy grow trees plantation which always be greenish in tropical area and fall its leaves on winter time.

Habitat
The height of trees is up to 45 meters with branches height about 8 – daun mindi20 meters. Its diameter is about 60 cm. Its crowns seems like an umbrella with a width shape of branches, it sometimes fall its leaves.

Morphology
The stem is cylindrical shape, standing upright, no buttress root. The stem skin is brownish grey color, has line grooved and scaly. The young trees has glossy skin and has lenticels. Its cambium has pale white color. Its leaves has acuminate shape with tapering to long point style; it has serrate margin with teeth forward pointing style; and has pinnate venation with secondary veins paired oppositely. The leaves has up to 50 cm length. The leaflets are dark green above and lighter green below.

It has flowers in violet color. Its fruit is oval, unopened with dimension between 2-4 cm x 1-2 cm, thin outer layer, glossy, wrinkle skin with hard inner skin, young fruit has green color, while the mature one has yellow color. Each fruit has average between 4 – 5 seeds. Small seed sized 3.5 mm x 1.6 mm; oval shape, brown color, glossy, the dry seed has dark color.

Characteristics
Its trass layer has reddish brown color; its cambium has white reddish color with a distinct line distinguishing between cambium and wood elements. It has straight grain style and intergrated with specific weight in average 0.53. Its reduction weight 3.3% of density (radial) and 4.1% (tangensial). Mindi wood belongs to strength level at III-II, equivalent with mahogany, sungkai, red meranti. It belongs to durable level at IV.

Usage
Mindi wood has been proved as a good material for furniture whether domestic or export. It has beautiful grain and easy handled. It belongs to III-II levels of Strength classification; it is dried without any damage. Mindi wooden furniture is usually made of solid and panel with mindi veneer.

Mahogany has been well-known as furniture materials. Laboratory research found that mahogany tree (swietenia mahogany) can reduce air pollution at 47% – 69%. Mahogany trees can be used as air filter for the city forest park, since it leaves absorb pollutants surrounding and they released O2 (oxygen) which can fresh the air. During rain drops, the soil and roots bond the water being their water supply.

Mahogany origins from west Hindia and Africa can be grown up fertility near beach. Mahogany is divided into two (2); Mahogany with small leaves (switenia mahogany jacg.) and mahogany with bigger leaves (switenia macropphylla king). Both are belong to Meliaceae family.

Mahogany with bigger leaves can be grown up in fertile at the area between 0-1.000 metres upland with the total rainfall 1.600 – 4.000 mm/year and the climate type of A to D.

Mahogany will be in bloom after 7 years. The fruit is oval with five curves and brown color. It seeds are flat and thin with black or brown color. Mahogany is the kind of tree which has hard wood to be used as furniture materials and carved objects. The wood is often for being material to make ruler since it is stable and its gum tree is good for glue.

Teak is a kind of tree which has high quality wood. Big tree, straight stem, with the height up to 30 – 40 metres. Big leaves and fall at dry season. Teak comes from the word ‘thekku’ (Malayalam language) part of India. Its scientist name is Tectona Grandis L.f.

Teak Trees

Habitat
Big tree with cylinder and straight stem, total height up to 40 metres, its clear bole at about 18-20 metres. Tectona Grandis sp can live for hundred years with the height 40-45 metres with diameter 1.8 – 2.4 metres. Average height of teak at 9 – 11 metres with diameter 0.9 – 1.5 metres.

Good quality of teak which has big round line, straight stem, and less branches. The best quality teak wood comes from the tree with more than 80 years old. Generally, it has big leaves with dimension 60 – 70 cm x 80 – 100 cm. It has fuzz on its surface with a follicles below. The young trees is red color and has bloody red latex. It has compound flowers with dimension 40 cm x 40 cm or more which contains hundred of flower buds.The fruits is oval and rather flat and thin with dimension 0.5 – 2.5 cm, has 2 – 4 seeds, but generally only 1 seed can grow up.

Ecological side
Teak spread up from India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and China mainland to Java – Indonesia. Teak grows up at the dry forest and fall it leaves on dry season. Some of botanist believed that Teak origins from Burma and spread up to India, Thailand, Phillipphine, and Java but the other said that teak origins from Burma, India, Thailand, and Laos.
Around 70% of the world needs on teak is fulfilled by Burma and the rest are from India, Thailand, Java, Srilanka, and Vietnam. The only one resource of natural teak forest comes from Burma. Teak mostly spread in Asia. The suitable climate for teak growing is at the dry season with the average rainfall between 1200 – 3000 mm/year with high light intencity all over the year. The optimal upland height at about 0 – 700 metres though it can still grow up at 1300 metres upland.